What if d is too small? Connect with nc mercury.picoctf.net 37455.
We are told d is too small, so this is a classic Wiener's Attack. I discuss the technique here, so I won't go over it again. Connecting to the server gives us e, N and c. I will use SageMath for the continued fractions.
from Crypto.Util.number import long_to_bytese =112754541700690073210034568883976704637179938391109984739882317717493134117274992183187134977340726366735137168283197063242918320349494617964667665047419548553575295453656621241958205285249437600208333153358419149045651177119281187188167703425363227405679672963841306943107073166807574585389125832534066751809N =144390361348920501869993938709991886178924525779849244222262670433367312227444944591566139662690206095975554337178767396284003325304590032011497856478923049097805457881081418119675617493053963010551906982495811656212858357088185653656378487033852680537367010991060358788282243207315359582442103359642135446811c =121200875764971898969856362104661551030573743599078234011937926996191831804013529938239036069865696197047682885988162602437942341629152031466396781294970679065309433084336383355723998945746263068555929945549034859795066917254742307603845777657499038889879448604171444521283481396818702315095487896851743793699defget_convergences(N,e): frac =continued_fraction(e / N) convergences =list()for i inrange(frac.length()): convergences.append((frac.numerator(i), frac.denominator(i)))return convergencesdeffactorises(N,e,numerator,denominator):if numerator ==0:returnNoneif denominator %2==0:# d must be oddreturnNone phi = (e * denominator -1) / numeratorifint(phi)%2!=0:# phi must be an even whole numberreturnNone x =var('x')assume(x, 'integer') solutions =solve([x **2- ((N - phi) +1) * x + N], x)iflen(solutions)==2:return solutionsreturnNonefor numerator, denominator inget_convergences(N, e): factors =factorises(N, e, numerator, denominator)if factors: p, q = factorsif p * q == N: phi = (p -1) * (q -1) d =inverse_mod(e, phi) m =pow(c, d, N)print(long_to_bytes(m))break# picoCTF{proving_wiener_3878674}