One Gadgets and Malloc Hook

A one_gadget is simply an execve("/bin/sh") command that is present in gLIBC, and this can be a quick win with GOT overwrites - next time the function is called, the one_gadget is executed and the shell is popped.

__malloc_hook is a feature in C. The Official GNU site defines __malloc_hook as:

The value of this variable is a pointer to the function that malloc uses whenever it is called.

To summarise, when you call malloc() the function __malloc_hook points to also gets called - so if we can overwrite this with, say, a one_gadget, and somehow trigger a call to malloc(), we can get an easy shell.

Finding One_Gadgets

Luckily there is a tool written in Ruby called one_gadget. To install it, run:

gem install one_gadget

And then you can simply run

one_gadget libc

Triggering malloc()

Wait a sec - isn't malloc() a heap function? How will we use it on the stack? Well, you can actually trigger malloc by calling printf("%10000$c") (this allocates too many bytes for the stack, forcing libc to allocate the space on the heap instead). So, if you have a format string vulnerability, calling malloc is trivial.

Practise

This is a hard technique to give you practise on, due to the fact that your libc version may not even have working one_gadgets. As such, feel free to play around with the GOT overwrite binary and see if you can get a one_gadget working.

Remember, the value given by the one_gadget tool needs to be added to libc base as it's just an offset.